A gas turbine is a combustion engine at the centre of a power plant that may transform mechanical energy from natural gas or other liquid fuels. This power then propels a generator, which creates the electrical energy that travels via power lines to residences and commercial buildings.

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This tutorial covers all aspects of gas turbines from the basics to advanced concepts of gas turbine technology.

Introduction to Gas Turbine Powerplants

The basic gas turbine engine has a compressor that draws air in at the front, compresses it, and feeds it to the combustion chamber where it is mixed with fuel and ignited. The hot gases expand through a turbine, driving the compressor. Some of the power generated by the turbine is used to drive the compressor; the rest is delivered to the output shaft.

Basics of Gas Turbine

The basic working principle of a gas turbine is a Brayton cycle, which uses atmospheric air as the working fluid. After passing through a compressor to increase its pressure, energy is added by spraying fuel into the air and lighting it, which causes the combustion to produce a high-temperature flow.

Gas Turbine Operation

For the hydroelectric power plants, gas turbine plants are used as backup generators. For smaller power units, gas turbine power plants can serve as backup and peak load generators.

Gas turbine Applications

Long-term operation of a gas turbine power plant necessitates the use of gas turbine auxiliaries, a critical system. 

Gas Turbine Auxiliary Systems

Gas turbine engines generate work by compressing air to a high pressure, burning fuel in the air stream to raise pressure and temperature, and expanding the high-pressure exhaust gases through a turbine.

Air Intake System

Proper air filtering is crucial for gas turbine performance and dependability. Fuel expenses account for about 80% of the total cost of power throughout its life. Small efficiency improvements can result in enormous savings.

Types of Filtration System

A gas turbine power plant typically has at least three air intakes, each of which is used to intake air from outside the plant. The air intakes are typically located near the top of the plant, and they are used to draw in air that is heated by the plant's hot exhaust gases.

Layout of Air intake System

The gas turbine fuel system delivers fuel to the combustor in the gas turbine engine. The gas turbine fuel system injects the fuel into the combustor at the correct pressure and temperature to ensure proper combustion and efficient fuel use. The gas turbine fuel system also controls the flow of exhaust gases from the engine to maintain engine performance.

Fuel System

There are three main types of fuel systems in gas turbines: combustor, gas generator, and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR).

Types of fuel systems

NOx refers to nitrogen oxides, such as (NO), (NO2), and occasionally (N2O). There are a number of chemical processes that can produce nitrogen oxides during combustion, but the thermal mechanism is the one that predominates in the gas turbine due to its typical high temperatures.

Nitrogen Oxide Emissions

Gas turbines typically emit less carbon monoxide (CO) at design full-load operating conditions than 100 ppmvd at 15 percent O2. Gas turbines' CO emissions rise as a result of using water or steam to minimise their NOx emissions.

Carbon Monoxide Emissions

A purge system is described for continuously cooling the nozzles and draining liquid fuel and water out of the combustion area of a gas turbine system. Liquid fuel or gaseous fuel can both be used to power the gas turbine.

Purge System

A hydraulic start system is a system that uses hydraulics to start a gas turbine engine.The system uses a small hydraulic pump to pressurize a reservoir of oil. The oil is then used to start the engine by pressurizing the engine's start motor

Hydraulic Start System

The lubrication system in a gas turbine is responsible for the removal of heat and wear from the engine's moving parts. The system consists of a number of oil pumps and oil tanks. Oil is circulated through the engine to cool the blades and other moving parts.

Lubrication System

A compressor washing system in a gas turbine is used to clean the compressor blades. The system is composed of a water spray nozzle and a rotating drum. The water spray nozzle shoots water at high speed towards the compressor blades. The rotating drum rotates at a high speed and agitates the water spray nozzle. This causes the water to spin around the blades and clean them.

Compressor washing system

The fire and gas detection system notifies personnel and starts protective actions automatically or manually upon operator activation in areas where such events are likely to occur. It also provides early and reliable fire or gas detection.

Fire and Gas System

Piping in a gas turbine engine is essential to ensure that the engine operates properly. If the piping is not properly installed, it can lead to the engine experiencing various problems, including decreased performance and increased wear. Therefore, it is important to have a thorough understanding of gas turbine engine piping before installing it.

Case study on Piping

This film aids in our comprehension of the employment possibilities in the Gas Turbine Power Plant.

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